Chemical composition of oxide minerals as ore magnet of Fe3O4, equiaxed crystal is the crystal often has octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron, granular or massive aggregates. When the monocrystalline shape is an octahedron or a rhombohedral dodecahedron, in the case of a rhombohedral dodecahedron, the rhombic surface often has stripes parallel to the diagonal direction of the crystal face. The aggregate is dense block or granular. Color iron black, black streaks, metallic gloss or semi-metallic luster, opaque, no cleavage, Mohs hardness of 5.5-6, specific gravity 4.8-5.3. Because of its strong magnetism, ancient China was also called Cishi, magnet, and Xuanshi. It is the most magnetic of minerals and can be attracted by permanent magnets. The ancient Chinese compass "Sinan" is made using this characteristic. After oxidation, it becomes hematite or limonite.
Magnetite is widely distributed and has many causes. Born in metamorphic deposits and endogeneous deposits, the magma-forming deposits are typical of Kiruna, Sweden; the volcanic-related ore is directly formed by the Chilean Lak iron ore; the iron ore formed by contact metamorphism is the China Daye iron ore. Typical; iron ore deposits formed by regional metamorphism of iron-bearing sedimentary rocks, with low grade and large scale, Russia, North America, Brazil, Australia and China's Liaoning Anshan have a large number of output. Magnetite is the main mineral raw material for iron making and is also a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
[Crystal Chemistry] Theoretical Composition (wB%): FeO 31.03, Fe2O3 68.96. Among them, the isomorphism of Fe3 replaces Al3, Ti4, Cr3, V3, etc.; instead of Fe2, there are Mg2, Mn2, Zn2, Ni2, Co2, Cu2, Ge2 and so on.
When Ti4 with Fe3 place, accompanied by Fe2 -Fe3, Mg2 -Fe2 and V3 -Fe3; Ti also be wrapped substantially fine titanium ore or ilmenite spar orientation exist with students form a solid solution by the solvent-based made. At >600 °C, the complete solid solution of magnetite FeFe2O4-Fe2TiO4 is formed. The mineral structure is: Fe3 [Fe2 1-xFe3 1-2xTi4 x]O4 (0≤x≤0.2); Fe3 1.2-xFe2 x-0.2[Fe2 1.2Fe3 0.8-xTi4 x]O4 (0.2≤x≤0.8); Fe3 2-2xFe2 2x-1[Fe2 2-xTi4 x]O4 (0.8≤x≤1); wherein the cations in the square brackets are octahedral coordination. At >500 °C, a complete solid solution of FeFe2O4-FeTiO3 is formed; as the temperature decreases, the solid solution dissolves.
When Ti4 replaces Fe3, 25% is called titanomagnetite. When there is more vanadium- containing titanium, it is called vanadium-titanium magnetite. Chromium- bearing is called chrome magnetite. Titanium magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite form a solid solution at high temperature, and dissolve when the temperature drops. In the light sheet, microscopic orientation of ilmenite formed in magnetite grains can be seen along the magnetic field. The octahedral splitting distribution of iron ore is called ferrotitanium magnetite. When Fe2>25% in magnetite is called titanium magnetite, TiO2<, TiO2 can be replaced by Mg2, which constitutes a complete series of magnetite- magnesium iron ore.
[Structure and Morphology] Isometric crystal system, a0 = 0.8396 nm; Z = 8. Anti-spinel structure. That is, 1/2 of Fe3 and all Fe2 occupy the octahedral position, and the other 1/2 of Fe3 occupy the tetrahedral position. The lattice constant a0 decreases with the increase of the substitution amount of Al3, Cr3 and Mg2, and increases with the increase of the substitution amount of Ti4 and Mn2.
Hexahedron crystal, Oh-m3m (3L44L36L29PC). Crystals are often octahedral and rhombohedral. On the rhombohedral plane of the rhombohedral dodecahedron, there are often stripes parallel to the diagonal direction of the face, which are {111} and {110} polymorphs (Fig. 4-4-3). According to {111} spinel law into twin crystals. The aggregates are usually in the form of dense granular blocks.
[Physical properties] Black. The streak is black. Semi-metallic to metallic luster. opaque. Without cleavage, it is sometimes seen that the cracking of 111{111} is often caused by the orientation of the ilmenite and titano-magnetite inclusions in the titanic magnetite in the {111} direction. Crisp. Hardness 5.5~6. The relative density is 4.9~5.2. Strong magnetic, Curie point (Tc) 578 ° C. The Curie point is a thermomagnetic effect of a magnetic mineral that is the critical temperature at which a magnetic or diamagnetic material is heated to a paramagnetic material.
[Production and combination] Produced in a relatively reduced environment. The main types of causes are:
Magma type; contact metasomatic; high temperature hydrothermal type; regional metamorphic type.
[Identification characteristics] Octahedral crystal form, black, streak black, no cleavage, strong magnetism. This difference may be similar to the mineral chromite, wolframite, black manganese ore.
[Industrial Applications] is the most important and most common iron ore mineral. Titanium magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite are also important ore minerals of titanium and vanadium. It can be used comprehensively when it is rich in elements such as Ti, V, Ni and Co.
Medicinal magnetite name magnet, alias Xuanshi, Cishi, Ling magnet, magnet, needle stone. Efficacy: Qianyang Anshen; Cong Er Mingmu; Naqi asthma.
Magnetite is widely distributed and has many causes. Kiruna, Sweden is a typical magma deposit. The Laco iron ore mine in Chile is formed directly from the pulp associated with volcanism. The iron ore formed by contact with metamorphism can be exemplified by China Daye Iron Mine. The iron ore formed by the regional metamorphism of the deposited iron-bearing strata (such as the iron ore in the Anshan area of ​​China) is dominated by magnetite and hematite. It is large in scale but low in grade and is the most important in the world. Source of iron ore. The former Soviet Union, North America, Brazil, and Australia all have such large iron ore mines. Magnetite is rich in specificity and has the ability to resist weathering, so it can also be enriched in riverbed or coastal sand. It can be converted into hematite after being oxidized; if it retains its original shape, it is called imaginary hematite.
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