In the process of mining and selection, gold mining vessels produce a large amount of wastewater containing suspended solids. If discharged directly without treatment, the suspended solids in the wastewater will make the water quality of the receiving water system turbid, reduce the transparency of water quality, and affect the breathing of aquatic organisms. Metabolism can even suffocate and kill fish. A large amount of suspended matter will also cause the river to block, and after drying, the dust will be formed, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to treat wastewater containing suspended solids.
The suspension is a dispersed mineral particle. The main ingredient is hydromica and kaolin containing montmorillonite. The chemical composition is an oxide mixture of elements such as silicon, aluminum , calcium, magnesium , and iron . The particles are generally between 0.1 and 50 μm, of which greater than 1 μm is up to 80%. The methods currently used for the treatment of suspended solids are as follows.
First, the natural settlement of suspended solids
Differently, different ore bodies, different concentrations of suspended solids wastewater, natural sedimentation law, sedimentation velocity are different, which is closely related to its composition, nature, suspended matter particle size. According to the study of the size and sedimentation velocity of suspended solids in the former Soviet Union, it is considered that the suspended matter size is larger than 10 μm, and it is easier to separate from the wastewater by natural sedimentation. The fine dispersion is a charged colloid. There is Brownian motion between the particles, maintaining a high dispersion and a stable state. The particle size is less than 5 μm, and it is difficult to separate by natural sedimentation. Therefore, the focus of the treatment of suspended solids is to study the settlement problem of fine-grained dispersions.
2. Treatment test for suspended solid waste water
According to the characteristics of the fine particle dispersion, it is envisaged to add a high-molecular flocculant to the wastewater, and the suspended particles can be flocculated into larger flocs and settled by the adsorption and bridging action of the polymer flocculant and the suspended particles. A small amount of electrolyte is added to the wastewater to destroy the colloidal structure and tend to flocculate to agglomerate. A coagulant is added to the wastewater to coprecipitate the suspension. Therefore, the calcium-based coagulant, the aluminum-based coagulant, the iron-based coagulant, and the polyacrylamide flocculant were used to compare and control the wastewater discharged from the gold mining vessel. From the test results, these coagulants and flocculants are effective in treating wastewater containing suspended solids, but from the aspects of environmental protection, economic benefits and sediment volume, it is considered that the use of calcium-based coagulants is the best choice. This is because the calcium-based coagulant is used to treat wastewater containing suspended solids, which has the advantages of low cost (0.04 yuan/m 3 wastewater), small sediment volume, no secondary pollution, and low suspended matter content after treatment (20 mg/L). . The suspended matter content is in the range of 650 mg/L to 8350 mg/L, and the dosing amount (calculated as CaO) is not more than 0.2 kg/m 3 . The dosing method is added in the form of an aqueous solution and stirred uniformly, and the settling time should not be less than 2 h. The above is the result of the test by the Changchun Gold Research Institute.
3. Other measures to control wastewater containing suspended solids
(1) Topping of the topsoil
Before the gold mining ship is mined, the surface humus is stripped beforehand, which can improve the selected grade and reduce the mud sand content in the mining pond, improve the water quality, and is beneficial to the restoration of the topsoil after restoration and restoration of vegetation.
(2) Dam construction and surrounding pool
The tailings gravel sand discarded by the gold mining vessel is used to build a dam surrounding pool to extend the residence time of the tailings water, so that the tailings water is clarified and percolated by precipitation. After the drainage quality is greatly improved, it is discharged into the river to reduce or eliminate environmental pollution.
(3) Determining a reasonable mining method
When mining gold mining vessels, it is necessary to minimize or avoid mining on the main river channel, so as to avoid direct pollution of rivers by mining wastewater, which is conducive to the treatment of effluent wastewater.
The calcium-based coagulant has been successfully tested on the waste water of the Hanjiayuan Gold Mine, Zhuangwan Gold Mine, Wudaogou Gold Mine and the Armed Police Gold Group. It provides a beneficial solution for the treatment of suspended solid waste water.
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