The State issued the criteria for determining the hidden dangers of major production safety accidents in mines (for trial implementation)

First, metal and nonmetal underground mines serious production safety accidents

(1) Safety exports do not meet national standards, industry standards or design requirements.

Interpretation: Safe exports refer to safe exports to the surface and safe exits at all levels of production (including mid-section and segmentation).

Articles 6.1.1.3 and 6.1.1.4 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) have the following provisions for the safe export of direct surface: “(1) Each mine shall have at least two independent direct access to the ground. (2) Large-scale mines with complex geological conditions. If the strike length exceeds 1000m, a safety exit should be added at the lower end of the ore body; (3) The distance between the safety exits should be no less than 30m; (4) There are two cage equipments that are independent of each other in power, and the hoists are double-circuit power supply shafts, which can be used as safety exits without having a ladder room; when other shafts are used as safety exits, there should be well-equipped ladders." The safety exits at all production levels have the following provisions: “Each production level should have at least two safe exits for pedestrians and should be connected to safe exits to the ground.”

Safety exits are inconsistent with the above provisions, or are inconsistent with the design, which is a potential production safety accident.

(2) Use equipment, materials and processes that are prohibited by the State.

Interpretation: Underground mines have the use of equipment, materials and processes that are prohibited by the State Administration of Safety Supervision, which is a major production safety accident. At present, the State Administration of Work Safety has issued two batches, namely, the Notice on Issuing the Catalogue of Equipment and Processes Prohibited from the Use of Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (First Batch) (Safety Supervision General Manager No. [2013] No. 101), Notice of Equipment and Process Catalogue (Second Batch) Prohibited for Use in Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (Safety Supervisor No. [2015] No. 13).

(3) The wells of adjacent mines are interconnected.

Interpretation: the wells and lanes of adjacent mines are interpenetrated. One is to increase the difficulty of management of the mines in each mine; the second is to cause disturbances in the ventilation systems of the mines; the third is to cause poisonous suffocation accidents caused by the disorderly spread of guns; the fourth is in a mine. In the event of a disaster, it is easy to cause an accident, such as a fire that causes smoke to spread to other mines. Floods may cause water to flood other mines.

The interconnection of the wells and adjacent mines of adjacent mines refers to the situation that the wells of one mine are directly connected with the wells of other mines or the temporary facilities are used to cut through the wells.

The wells and lanes of adjacent mines are interconnected, which is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(4) If the drawing is not completed in time, the current status map is seriously inconsistent with the actual situation.

Interpretation: Article 4.16 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) requires: “The mine shall keep the following drawings and update them in time according to the actual situation: (1) Topographical geology and hydrogeological map of the mining area; (2) Uphole and downhole comparison map; (3) middle section plan; (4) ventilation system diagram; (5) lifting transportation system diagram; (6) wind and water network system diagram; (7) filling system diagram; (8) downhole communication system Figure; (9) Uphole, downhole power distribution system diagram and downhole electrical equipment layout; (10) Downhole disaster avoidance route map."

The production mine did not update one of the above ten types of drawings according to the actual situation of the mine within 6 months, resulting in serious misunderstanding of the current production drawings and actual serious accidents.

(5) Open-pit mining to underground mining, the formation of the surface and the underground, and failing to take corresponding measures in accordance with the design requirements.

Interpretation: Open-pit mining to underground mining. If the surface is formed with the underground wells, the water flows into the underground stope through the gaps between the wells and the cushions that communicate with the open pits, which may cause a flooding accident.

Mining enterprises shall organize technical demonstrations according to actual conditions and design by qualified design units, and take corresponding measures such as sparse, blockage and discharge.

Failure to follow the design measures is a major production safety accident.

(6) The surface water system passes through the mining area and the water prevention measures are not taken in accordance with the design requirements.

Interpretation: Surface water systems refer to lakes, reservoirs, streams, rivers, etc.

If the surface water system passes through the mining area without taking corresponding water control measures, the surface water will enter the underground roadway, which may cause a flooding accident.

For the surface water system to cross the mining area, the mine should organize technical demonstration according to the actual situation of the hydrogeology of the mining area and design by qualified design units, such as river diversion or leave water to isolate the pillar, drain, set the intercept (row) flood ditch, curtain Grouting and other measures.

Failure to follow the design measures is a major production safety accident.

(7) The drainage system does not conform to the design requirements, resulting in a decrease in drainage capacity.

Interpretation: Article 6.6.4.1 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “The main drainage equipment in the underground shall consist of at least three pumps of the same type; the working water pump shall be able to discharge normally for a day or two within 20 hours. In addition to the maintenance pump, other pumps should be able to discharge the maximum amount of water in a day and night within 20 hours. Two identical drain pipes should be installed in the wellbore, one of which works and one spare.

The main facilities of the drainage system include drain pumps and drain lines. The drainage system does not conform to the design requirements, resulting in a decrease in drainage capacity, which means that one of the following situations is a major production safety accident:

1. The number of drainage pumps is less than 3;

2. The working water pump drainage capacity is lower than the design requirements;

3. The pump drainage capacity other than the maintenance pump is lower than the design requirements;

4. There are less than 2 drainage pipes in the wellbore;

5. The drainage capacity of the wellbore drainage pipeline is lower than the design requirements.

(8) The elevation of the wellhead is below 1 m in the highest historical flood level in the local area, and no corresponding protective measures have been taken.

Interpretation: Article 6.6.2.3 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates that: “The elevation of wellheads in mines (shafts, inclined shafts, flat rafts, etc.) shall be higher than the highest flood level in the local history by more than 1 m. If the situation does not meet the requirements, the flood control embankment shall be built with the highest flood level in history as the protection standard, and the artificial island shall be built at the wellhead so that the wellhead is above the maximum flood level by more than 1 m."

The wellhead elevation is below 1 meter in the highest historical flood level in the local area. If the corresponding protective measures are not taken according to the design, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(9) The mines with medium hydrology and geological type are not equipped with special water prevention and control facilities, equipped with exploration and release water operation teams or equipped with special exploration and release water equipment.

Interpretation: Hydrogeological types are given in the engineering geological hydrogeological exploration report issued by the relevant qualified exploration units, generally divided into three types: simple, medium and complex.

Specialized water prevention and control institutions should be set up for medium and complex mines with hydrogeological types. The main tasks of water prevention and control institutions include: hydrogeological investigation, collection of relevant hydrogeological data, development of water prevention measures, and inspection of water treatment facilities.

The water and gas operation team should be composed of experienced personnel and conduct water exploration and discharge operations according to the corresponding rules and regulations.

The special water storage equipment is equipped with a dedicated water rig for drilling and unloading. It is not possible to use conventional electric drills and rock drilling equipment for water exploration and drainage.

Hydrogeological types are medium and complex mines. One of the following situations is a major production safety accident:

1. There is no special water prevention agency;

2. There is no team equipped with exploration and release water;

3. There is no special water storage equipment.

(10) The setting of the waterproof door of the key roadway with complicated hydrogeological types is inconsistent with the design requirements.

Interpretation: Article 6.6.3.3 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “For mines with complex hydrogeological conditions, waterproof doors shall be installed in key roadways to prevent pump houses, central substations and shafts, etc. The key facilities in the underground are flooded. The location of the waterproof door and the height of the waterproof head should be considered in the overall design of the mine."

For mines with complex hydrogeological types, the waterproof door is set in one of the following situations, which is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents:

1. The location of the waterproof door is not consistent with the design;

2. The height of the waterproof door is lower than the design.

(11) Mines that are at risk of spontaneous combustion are not fire-fighting measures in accordance with national standards, industry standards or designs.

Interpretation: The spontaneous combustion of metal non-metallic mines, because the combustion products are generally sulfides, will produce a large amount of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, easily causing casualties.

Article 6.7.2.2 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “The following fire prevention measures shall be taken for mining deposits with the risk of spontaneous combustion: (1) The main transportation lanes and the total return air passages shall be arranged in In the surrounding rock without the risk of spontaneous combustion, take preventive grouting or other effective measures to prevent spontaneous combustion; (2) correctly select the mining method, reasonably divide the nuggets, and adopt the backward mining sequence. In the shortest period of ignition, the mining period of the mining area shall be determined. In the case of filling method mining, inert filling materials shall be used. When other mining methods are used, it shall be ensured that the mining and ore-mining work is completed before the ore is ignited to avoid spontaneous combustion of the ore; (3) When using yellow mud grouting, the drilling netness, mud concentration and grouting coefficient (the percentage of solid volume in the pulp to the volume of the goaf) shall be specified in the design; (4) the ore recovery rate shall be increased as much as possible, and the pit shall not be Leave or leave small pieces of ore, no flammable materials such as pit wood should be left on the working surface; (5) fill the goaf that needs to be filled in time; (6) tightly seal all the venting parts of the goaf; (7) prevent the upper part

Mines that are at risk of spontaneous combustion are not in accordance with the above provisions, or fail to comply with the design, which is a major production safety accident.

(12) Excavation operations are carried out in areas where water inrush is threatened or in suspicious areas, and no water is being explored.

Interpretation: Article 6.6.3.4 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “For areas close to water bodies or areas that may be related to water bodies, it is necessary to insist on 'suspicious exploration, first exploration and then excavation' The principle of compiling water exploration design."

The water inrush threat area or suspicious area mainly includes: old wells, old mining areas, flowing sand layers, various types of surface water bodies, swamps, strong aquifers, strong karst belts and other unsafe areas.

Mining mines are engaged in mining operations in areas where water is threatened or suspected. If water is not explored, it is a major production safety accident.

(13) Mines threatened by surface water inversion will not be suspended during heavy rainfall or floods upstream of the incoming water.

Interpretation: During heavy rainfall or flooding, the surface water level rises sharply. Mines threatened by surface water inversion are prone to flooding accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to stop production and evacuation to prevent major casualties after flooding accidents.

Mines threatened by surface water inversion refer to mines close to surface rivers, flash floods, reservoirs, or mines where surface water is likely to cause surface water to enter wells and goafs due to land subsidence, cracking, and collapse.

Heavy rainfall or heavy precipitation refers to rain with high precipitation intensity. The following conditions are heavy rainfall: (1) rain with a rainfall of 16 mm or more in 1 hour; (2) rainfall of 50 mm or more in 24 hours. Rain.

Flood refers to the phenomenon of water flow caused by rapid increase of water volume or rapid rise of water level caused by natural factors such as heavy rain, sudden melting snow and snow storm.

Mines threatened by surface water recharge will not be suspended during production or evacuation during heavy rainfall or upstream flooding, which is a major production safety accident.

(14) The misalignment lines of adjacent mines overlap and no corresponding measures are taken according to the design requirements.

Interpretation: The overlapping of misalignment lines in adjacent mines means that the faulty lines of the two mines intersect to form an area of ​​mutual influence. Mines with overlapping faulty lines must be technically demonstrated and designed by the design unit, and corresponding measures such as retaining boundary pillars should be adopted strictly according to the design.

If the misalignment lines of adjacent mines overlap and fail to take corresponding measures according to the design requirements, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(15) Mining the wrong line to store in resident villages, or when there are important equipment and facilities, do not take corresponding measures according to design requirements.

Interpretation: The surface area within the mining fault line will have different degrees of subsidence and collapse as the mining activity progresses, posing a huge security risk to the resident villages and facilities on the surface.

Mining enterprises must organize technical demonstrations and design by design units. Generally, they should adopt relocation of residential villages within the mining misalignment line, and take measures such as retaining security pillars or relocations for important equipment and facilities within the mining misalignment line. If the staging is clearly defined in the design, check whether the check is completed against the time node.

When the wrong line is mined in a resident village, or when important equipment and facilities exist, if the corresponding measures are not taken according to the design requirements, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(16) Unauthorized exploitation of various security pillars or their forms and parameters are inferior to design values.

Interpretation: The security pillar includes pillars for protecting industrial sites and wellbore, roadways, diverticulum safety and stability, and preventing certain disasters; top pillars, bottom pillars and columns for safe mining of mines; pyrophoric igniting deposits A fireproof pillar for isolating the fire zone; a waterproof isolation pillar for preventing sudden influx of water and quicksand; and an isolated pillar left between two adjacent mines.

The mine has one of the following conditions, which is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents:

1. Unauthorized mining of the mining column or failure to return to the mining column as designed;

2. The pillars are not retained according to the design position;

3. The size of the retained pillar is less than the design value.

(17) The goafs formed by the production were not treated in accordance with the design requirements.

Interpretation: If the goaf is not treated in time, it may cause the roof to fall down in a large area, resulting in a huge air shock wave. In severe cases, it will easily cause surface subsidence, resulting in serious casualties and major property losses. The treatment of goafs usually involves filling, caving and isolation.

Failure to treat the goaf formed by production in accordance with the design requirements means that one of the following situations is a major production safety accident:

1. The gob area is not treated in accordance with the designed treatment method;

2. Processing time exceeding the design requirements.

(18) It has serious pressure conditions and has not taken measures to prevent geophysical disasters.

Interpretation: The impact of ground pressure on the roadway and building facilities, and the impact on the mining of the deposit is very large. If it is not well controlled and managed, it will easily lead to major personal injury and death.

Having severe pressure conditions means one of the following:

1. There is severe deformation in the permanent roadway;

2. Serious pressure has occurred;

3. There is a danger sign of large-scale roofing.

Article 6.2.1.9 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) has the following provisions for mines with severe pressure activities: “(1) Establish special agencies or full-time personnel to be responsible for ground pressure management and timely on-site monitoring. Do a good job in forecasting and forecasting; (2) discover signs of large-scale ground pressure activities, stop operations immediately, and evacuate personnel to safe locations; (3) Surface subsidence areas should be marked with signs and fences, leading to the lanes of the subsidence area It should be closed and personnel should not enter the subsidence area and the goaf."

If there are severe pressure conditions, failure to take preventive pressure hazard measures or failure to meet the above requirements, it is a potential production safety accident.

(19) The roadway or the roof of the stope did not take support measures according to the design requirements.

Interpretation: The roadway or the roof of the stope is not designed according to the design. It is easy to cause the roadway or the roof of the stope to cause accidents due to improper support or insufficient strength, resulting in casualties.

Articles 6.1.5.1 and 6.1.5.2 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) have the following provisions for the support of the roadway: “(1) In the unsteady rock formation, the roadway shall be supported and supported. Excavation in soft or flowing sandstone layers, permanent support to the working face, temporary support or special support should be erected. (2) Wells and roadways requiring support, support methods, support and work surface The distance shall be specified in the construction design; when the tunneling is stopped midway, the support shall be promptly followed to the working surface."

Articles 6.1.5.1 and 6.1.5.2 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) have the following provisions for the mining face, the mining and cutting roadway: “The surrounding rock is not stable and the working face and the mining are stable. Supporting measures shall be taken for cutting the roadway; the support damaged by blasting or other reasons shall be repaired in time to confirm the safety and correct operation."

The roadway or the roof of the stope does not meet the above requirements or fails to take support measures according to the design requirements, which is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(20) The mine does not establish a mechanical ventilation system according to the design requirements, or the wind speed, air volume and wind quality do not meet the requirements of national or industry standards.

Interpretation: Article 6.4.2.1 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) states: “The mine shall establish a mechanical ventilation system. The mine mechanical ventilation system includes mine ventilation network, ventilation power equipment, mine ventilation structures and other ventilation control. facility."

The fact that a mine does not establish a mechanical ventilation system in accordance with design requirements refers to one of the following situations:

1. The main fan is not set;

2. The main fan is not equipped with a spare motor of the same type and specification as required, or is equipped with facilities that can quickly change the motor;

3. The main fan air volume is lower than the design requirements;

4. If the main fan is not running continuously under normal conditions, or if there is a failure or need to stop the inspection, it will not report to the dispatching room and the competent mine manager immediately, and will not notify all underground workers;

5. The fan station of the multi-stage station is not designed according to the design;

6. The main fan is a centrifugal fan, and no special anti-wind tunnel is provided.

Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (GB16423-2006), Ventilation Systems for Ventilation Technical Specifications for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (AQ2013.1-2008), and Identification Indicators for Ventilation Systems for Metallic Non-Metallic Underground Mines (AQ2013) .5-2008) Clear requirements were made for wind speed, air volume, and wind quality at the job site in the mine.

Wind speed, air volume, and wind quality do not meet national or industry standards. It refers to one of the following situations:

1. The air volume (wind speed) pass rate is less than 60%;

2. The qualification rate of wind quality is less than 90%;

3. The air quality pass rate of the working environment is less than 65%;

4. The effective air volume rate is less than 60%.

(21) Portable gas detection alarms and self-rescuers with safety signs for mining products are not available.

Interpretation: Article 5.1 of the “Code for the Construction of Monitoring and Monitoring Systems for Metallic Non-Metallic Underground Mines” (AQ2031-2011) has the following provisions for the installation of portable gas detection and alarm devices: “(1) Underground mines should be equipped with sufficient portable gas detection alarm devices ( Each class should be equipped with at least one.) (2) The portable gas detection alarm should be able to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide, and have alarm parameter settings and sound and light alarm functions."

Articles 4.1 and 4.2 of the "Code for the Construction of Emergency Hazard System for Metallic Nonmetallic Underground Mines" (AQ2033-2011) have the following provisions for the dubbing of self-rescuer: "(1) The rated protection time for the personnel entering the well shall be not less than 30 min. The self-rescuer is equipped with a spare self-rescuer according to 10% of the total number of people entering the well. (2) All the entry personnel must carry the self-rescuer with them."

Article 4.11 of the “Code for the Construction of Monitoring and Monitoring System for Metallic Non-Metallic Underground Mines” (AQ2031-2011) and Section 4.8 of the “Code for the Construction of Emergency Avoidance Systems for Metallic Non-Metallic Underground Mines” (AQ2033-2011) respectively specify portable gas detection and alarm devices. And self-rescuer should have a safety mark for mining products.

Portable gas detection alarms and self-rescuing devices are not in line with the above provisions, which is a major production safety accident.

(22) The safety protection devices such as the fall arrester and the car stop of the lifting system or the signal blocking measures are invalid; there is no regular test or inspection.

Interpretation: The safety protection devices, electrical locks and interlocks of shaft and inclined shaft hoisting systems are closely related to the operation of hoists, cages, mine cars and other equipment. Once these systems or devices lose their function, they are easy to cause fall tanks and mine cars. Accidents such as falling wells and sports cars have led to group deaths and injuries, and the consequences are extremely serious.

The shaft lifting system shall be equipped with protection and electrical locking devices in accordance with Article 6.3.5.10 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006). Classes of protection and interlocking devices shall be provided in accordance with 6.3.5.11, in accordance with the safety of metal non-metallic mines. Articles 6.3.3.21 and 6.3.2.22 of the Regulations (GB16423-2006) shall be provided with over-roll protection devices, over-rolling dams and wedge-shaped tanks, etc., in accordance with 4.5.1 of "Safety Technical Requirements for Tanks" (GB16542-2010) Fall arrester.

The inclined shaft hoisting system shall be equipped with rope breaking protector, connecting device, safety chain, car stop, car block and normally closed in accordance with Articles 6.3.2.2 and 6.3.2.6 of the Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (GB16423-2006). Safety devices such as anti-sports equipment.

The lifting device, various safety protection devices, locking interlocking systems and devices of the lifting system shall be periodically tested or inspected and tested by a qualified testing and testing organization according to the requirements in accordance with the requirements:

1. The winding hoist, friction hoist and hoist winch shall be respectively in accordance with the "Safety Inspection and Inspection Specification for Wound-type Hoists in Metallic Non-Metal Mines" (AQ2020-2008) and "Metal Non-Metal Mines in Use Friction" The hoist safety inspection and inspection specification (AQ2021-2008) and the "metal non-metallic mines in the use of lifting winch safety inspection and inspection specifications" (AQ2022-2008) for regular inspection, inspection cycle should comply with the provisions of Articles 7.1 and 7.2: (1) For hoisting manned cranes, lifting winches once a year, at least once in other three years; (2) once again in one of the following cases, 1 new installation, before the overhaul, 2 years of idle time Years, before re-commissioning; 3 before the use of hoists and hoist winches that may cause damage to the strength, rigidity and stability of structural members after major natural disasters.

2. The mining elevators shall be regularly inspected in accordance with the “Safety Inspection Rules for Mines in Metallic Non-Metal Mines” (AQ2058-2016). The inspection cycle shall comply with Article 6.1.1: “Regular inspection of mining elevators” The period is one year. When one of the following conditions occurs, it should be inspected: (1) natural disaster or equipment accident causes its safety technical performance to be affected before reuse; (2) stop using the mining elevator for more than one year. Before using it again."

3. The lifting wire rope shall be inspected according to the "Metal Non-Metallic Mine Lifting Wire Rope Inspection Specification" (AQ2026-2010). The inspection cycle shall be in accordance with Article 6.3.4.2 of the "Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines" (GB16423-2006): (1) Wire ropes for lifting personnel or lifting personnel and materials shall be inspected every six months from the time of suspension; mines with corrosive gases shall be inspected every three months. (2) For steel wire ropes for lifting materials, the interval between the first inspections is one year from the time of suspension, and every six months thereafter. (3) The wire rope for hanging the hanging plate shall be inspected every other year from the time of suspension.

4. The fall arrester in use of the shaft hoisting system shall comply with the provisions of 6.3.4.12 of the Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (GB16423-2006): “The fall arrester in the shaft cage shall be carried out once every six months. Cleaning and non-decoupling test, decoupling test is carried out once a year"; the inspection cycle shall comply with the provisions of Article 8.1 of the "Safety Testing and Inspection Regulations for Falling Protection of Metal Non-Metallic Mine Shaft Lifting System" (AQ2019-2008): "Installation and use of anti-dropping The periodic inspection cycle is one year.

5. The use of inclined wells and vehicles should be carried out in accordance with the "Code for the Inspection of Safety Performance of Mines in Inclined Shafts" (AQ2028-2010). The periodic inspection period shall comply with the provisions of Article 8.1: "The use of inclined wells The periodic inspection cycle is one year."

If the safety protection device such as the fall arrester and the car stop of the hoisting system or the signal blocking measures are invalid, if it is not regularly tested or tested, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(23) The primary load is not powered by dual or dual power supplies, or a single power supply cannot meet all primary load requirements.

Interpretation: The power load that will endanger the safety of personnel and cause significant economic losses for power interruption is a primary load. According to Section 3.01 of the Code for Design of Mine Electric Power (GB50070-2009), the primary load of metal non-metallic mines mainly includes: (1) the main drainage pump for underground mines with submerged dangerous environment and the drainage pump for mining areas with mining areas under the mountain; (2) The main ventilator of the mine with explosion or serious environmental damage to the human body; (3) the vertical hoist of the mine's frequent lifting personnel; (4) It shall be regarded as the primary load according to the current national or industry relevant standards. Other equipment.

The dual-loop power supply is also called two power supply lines. It means that when any one of the two power supply lines is interrupted, the remaining power supply lines should be guaranteed to supply all the primary load power requirements. The double circuit should meet one of the following conditions: (1) The two power supplies and lines are independent of each other and have no connection. (2) When there is a connection between two power sources and lines, it shall comply with: 1 in the event of any fault, two or more power sources and lines shall not be damaged at the same time; 2 in the event of any fault When the protection action is normal, at least one power supply and line shall not be interrupted. 3 In the event of any fault and the main protection fails, when all power supplies and lines are interrupted, the necessary operations may be performed by someone on duty. And quickly restore the power supply of a power supply and line.

Dual power supply is also called dual power supply. It means that when one power supply is interrupted, the other power supply should not be damaged at the same time, and the power supply capacity should at least guarantee the first-level load power demand of the mining enterprise. Dual power supply includes: (1) power supplies from different power grids; (2) one power supply for the national grid, and the other power supply is self-supplied; (3) from the same grid but the circuits are weakly connected to each other during operation. (4) From the same grid but the electrical distance between them is far away, when one power system has abnormal operation at any time or a short-circuit fault occurs, the other power supply can still not interrupt the power supply.

Article 3.03 of “Code for Design of Mine Power” (GB50070-2009) stipulates: “A mine with primary load shall be powered by dual power supply. When one power supply is interrupted, the other power supply shall not be damaged at the same time, and the power supply capacity shall at least guarantee the mine. All primary load power demand."

The primary load is not powered by dual-circuit or dual-supply, or the single power supply cannot meet all the primary load requirements, which is a major production safety accident.

(24) Ground-to-down power supply transformers or ordinary transformers used underground are neutral grounded.

Interpretation: There are two ways to ground the low-voltage power supply system. One is to connect the neutral point of the distribution transformer to the ground through the metal grounding body, which is called neutral point grounding; the other is that the neutral point is insulated from the earth, The neutral point is not grounded. The single-phase grounding fault current of the neutral point direct grounding system is large, and the thermal effect can also cause secondary accidents, which is very unfavorable for underground safety.

Article 6.5.1.4 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “The underground electrical equipment should not be connected to zero. Mine transformers should be used underground. If ordinary transformers are used, the neutral points should not be directly grounded. The neutral point on the secondary side should not lead to the current-carrying neutral line (N-line). The transformer or generator directly grounded to the ground neutral point should not be used to supply power to the well.

The transformer facing the underground power supply is grounded at the neutral point, or the ordinary transformer used in the underground is neutral grounded, which is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

Second, metal non-metal open pit mine major production safety accidents

(1) Underground open-pit mining, unfinished goaf or no special safety technical measures for the goaf.

Interpretation: The underground mines will be converted to open pit mining, and the original underground mine goaf may be unknown. If the goaf is not detected and the special safety technical measures are taken to carry out the work, it often causes the accident of personnel and equipment falling into the goaf.

Article 5.2.6.4 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “When underground mining is changed to open-pit mining, the location of all underground roadways, goafs and pillars shall be drawn in the mine level and section. On the map, the treatment methods for underground roadways and goafs should be determined in the design.

If the underground open-pit mining, undetected goaf, or the implementation of special safety technical measures for the goaf, it is a potential production safety accident.

(2) Use equipment, materials and processes that are prohibited by the State.

Interpretation: There are hidden dangers in the open pit mines that use equipment, materials and processes that are prohibited by the State Administration of Safety Supervision. At present, the State Administration of Work Safety has issued a Notice on the Issuance of Equipment and Process Catalogues for the Prohibition of Use of Metallic Non-Metallic Mines (Second Batch) (Safety Supervision General Manager No. [2015] No. 13), which provides for seven types of equipment for open pit mines. Materials and processes are prohibited.

(3) Mining is not carried out from top to bottom, stepped or layered.

Interpretation: Article 15 of the Regulations on the Safety Management and Supervision of Small Open-pit Quarry (Order No. 39 of the State Administration of Safety Supervision) stipulates: “Small-scale open quarry should adopt step mining. It cannot be used for step mining. It should be mined sequentially from top to bottom."

Except for open pit mines other than small open quarries, it shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.1.2 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006): “Open-pit mining shall follow the top-down mining sequence and be divided into steps. Mining, and adhere to the principle of 'extraction and stripping, stripping first'.

Small open-pit quarries are not mined from top to bottom or from top to bottom, and open pit mines other than small open quarries are not mined from top to bottom. It is a hidden danger of major safety production accidents.

(4) The working slope angle is larger than the design working angle, or the step (layering) height exceeds the design height.

Interpretation: The working angle is too large, and the height of the step (layering) exceeds the design height, which will reduce the stability of the step or slope, and it is prone to slope landslide or even collapse.

The working angle is the angle between the false slope and the horizontal formed by the open pit work to help the bottom line of the last step and the bottom line of the bottom step. The step height refers to the height of the step after the parallel section. The stratified height refers to the height of stratification when mining in a small open quarry. Article 15 of the Regulations on the Safety Management and Supervision of Small Open Quarries (Order No. 39 of the State Administration of Safety Supervision) stipulates: “The stratification height of stratified mining shall be determined by design. When shallow hole blasting operations are carried out, stratification The number of no more than 6, the maximum mining height shall not exceed 30 meters; when carrying out medium-deep hole blasting operations, the stratification height shall not exceed 20 meters, the number of stratification shall not exceed 3, and the maximum mining height shall not exceed 60 meters."

If the working angle is larger than the design working angle, or the step (layering) height exceeds the design height, it is a major production safety accident.

(5) Unauthorized exploitation or destruction of pillars, rock pillars and hanging ore bodies retained by the design regulations.

Interpretation: The designed retaining pillars, rock pillars and hanging ore bodies are designed to prevent various engineering geological and hydrogeological hazards in the mine, protect the safety of buildings and industrial sites, prevent surface movement and sinking, and ensure safe and efficient mining. Carry out and leave. Arbitrarily mining or destroying pillars, rock pillars, and hanging ore bodies, resulting in a decline in their carrying capacity, is likely to cause large-scale landslides and collapse accidents, affecting the safety of buildings and industrial sites, and even causing major casualties.

Article 5.1.3 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates that “mines (rock) columns and hanging ore bodies retained by design shall not be mined without technical argument within the prescribed time limit. damage".

Unauthorized exploitation or destruction of the pillars, rock pillars and hanging ore bodies retained by the design regulations is a major production safety accident.

(6) The stability of the slope and dumping site of the stope is not evaluated according to national standards or industry standards.

Interpretation: The stability of the slope of the stope and the dumping site is a problem that cannot be ignored in the production process. Once the stability of the slope and dumping site of the stope does not meet the requirements, it is easy to collapse the slope, dump, landslide, etc. The accident occurred, causing casualties.

Article 5.2.5.1 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates: “Large and medium-sized mines or mines with potentially high potential for slopes shall be tested and stabilized by qualified intermediaries every 5 years. Sexual analysis; the dump site should be tested and stabilized every 5 years by an intermediary with qualified conditions."

If the stope slope and dumping site are not regularly entrusted with qualified intermediary agencies for stability assessment in accordance with the above provisions, it is a potential production safety accident.

(7) On-line monitoring of slopes or dumps with a height of 200 m and above has not been carried out.

Interpretation: the State Administration of Work Safety "on the issuance of non-coal mining areas curb serious accidents program of work" (Work Safety Explorer on the 1st [2016] 60) requirements: the slope height above 200 meters high and steep slope of open pit mine, Stacking dumps with a height of more than 200 meters must be monitored online.

The slope or dumping site with a height of 200 meters and above can be monitored online by reference to the Technical Specification for Non-Coal Open-pit Slope Engineering (GB51016-2014). In the design of the on-line monitoring design of slopes or dumps with a height of more than 200 meters (including), the online monitoring system should be installed according to the design.

If the slope or dumping site with a height of 200 meters or more is not built for on-line monitoring or is not functioning properly, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(8) The slip phenomenon exists on the slope.

Interpretation: Slope landslide accidents often cause casualties, equipment damage, and damage to the production system.

Open-face slope landslides of different types, different natures and different characteristics will exhibit different anomalies (slips) before sliding, showing the signs of landslides (precursors), and the slopes may be considered to be slippery in the following cases. Shift phenomenon:

(1) Horizontal and longitudinal radial cracks appear on the slope.

(2) The phenomenon of uplift (protrusion) occurs at the foot of the slope at the leading edge of the slope, and the crack at the trailing edge expands sharply.

(3) Small collapse and slack in the slope rock (soil) body.

(4) The horizontal displacement or vertical displacement indicated by the displacement observation data shows an accelerating change trend.

If there is a slip phenomenon on the slope, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(9) The slope of the uphill road is greater than 10% of the design slope.

Interpretation: The open-pit mine uphill road generally bears the role of mine personnel, equipment transportation, maintenance, and fire safety passage. The design of the uphill road is generally based on driving safety and stability. The design of the vehicle model, slope length and other factors are taken into account. Increasing the slope angle will bring significant hidden dangers to the safe driving of the vehicle.

If the slope of the uphill road is greater than 10% of the design slope, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(10) The open pit mines with a closed circle depth of 30 meters and above have not constructed flood control and flood discharge facilities in accordance with the design requirements.

Interpretation: Deep open pit mines, when encountering extreme weather such as heavy rainfall, imperfect flood control and flood discharge facilities often seriously threaten the safety of open pit personnel, equipment and slopes.

Article 5.1.4 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates that “open-pit mines, especially deep-pit open pit mines, shall be provided with special flood control and flood discharge facilities”.

Flood control and flood discharge facilities mainly include: intercepting ditch, river dike, drainage well or drilling, water collecting pit (water tank), pipe network system, drainage equipment, etc.

If the closed-pit mine with a closed circle depth of 30 meters or more does not construct flood control and flood discharge facilities according to the design requirements, it is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(11) Perform blasting operations in thunderstorms.

Interpretation: In thunderstorms, lightning strikes, static induction, electromagnetic induction, etc. may cause early explosions and other accidents, resulting in casualties.

Article 6.1.3 of the Blasting Safety Regulations (GB6722-2014) stipulates: “When lightning or rain or snow comes, the blasting operation should be stopped”.

Blasting operations refer to charging, tamping, detonating network laying and connection, and detonation. Thunderstorm weather lightning can cause direct lightning strikes, static induction, electromagnetic induction, and so on.

The implementation of blasting operations in thunderstorms is a hidden danger of major production safety accidents.

(12) Dangerous dumping sites.

Interpretation: Article 5.7.25 of the “Safety Regulations for Metallic Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2006) stipulates that the dumping site with one of the following phenomena is a dangerous dumping site: (1) on a foundation with a slope greater than 1:5 Dumping soil along the slope, or dumping soil on soft foundations, no safety measures are taken, and landslides often occur. (2)易发生泥石流的山坡排土场，下游有采矿场、工业场地(厂区)、居民点、 铁路、道路、输电网线和通讯干线、耕种区、水域、隧道涵洞、旅游景区、固定标志及永久性建筑等设施，未采取切实有效的防治措施的。 (3)排土场存在重大危险源(如道路运输排土场未建安全车挡，铁路运输排土场铁路线顺坡和曲率半径小于规程最小值等)，极易发生车毁人亡事故的。 (4)山坡汇水面积大而未修筑排水沟或排水沟被严重堵塞。 (5)经验算，用余推力法计算的安全系数小于1.0的。

《有色金属矿山排土场设计规范》(GB50421-2007)第4.0.2条和《冶金矿山排土场设计规范》(GB51119-2015)第5.4.1条都规定：矿山居住区、村镇、工业场地等的安全距离为大于等于排土场的2倍高度;排土场下游指排土场高度2倍的范围。

排土场为危险级，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

Third, the tailings warehouse major production safety accidents

(1) There are activities such as mining, excavation and blasting on the reservoir area and tailings dam that are not in accordance with the approved design plan.

解读：在库区乱采、滥挖、非法爆破有可能造成周边山体滑坡、坍塌，滑坡体进入尾矿库，致使库内水位上升，还有可能冲击坝体，从而造成尾矿库溃坝;或者由于山体滑坡，原有山体承受力降低，造成尾矿库溃坝。在尾矿坝上未按批准的设计方案进行开采、挖掘、爆破等活动不仅会直接损坏坝体导致溃坝，还可能会引起坝体液化而导致溃坝。

《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ2006-2005)第6.7.2条规定：“严禁在库区和尾矿坝上进行乱采、滥挖、非法爆破等”。《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(国家安全监管总局令38号)第二十六条要求：“未经生产经营单位进行技术论证并同意，以及尾矿库建设项目安全设施设计原审批部门批准，任何单位和个人不得在库区从事爆破、采砂、地下采矿等危害尾矿库安全的作业。”

库区和尾矿坝上存在未按批准的设计方案进行开采、挖掘、爆破等活动的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(2) There is a penetrating transverse crack in the dam body, and a large range of piping and fluid deformation occurs, and the dam body shows signs of deep sliding.

解读：横向裂缝是指裂缝的走向与坝轴线垂直或斜交。管涌是指尾砂细颗粒在粗颗粒形成的空隙中流动、以至流失，逐渐形成管形通道;流土变形是在在渗透作用下，当向上的渗透力大于尾砂的有效重度时，尾砂处于悬浮状态，局部坝体隆起、浮动或尾砂粒群同时发生移动而流失的现象。坝体深层滑动是指尾矿库坝体内部发生剧烈变形，可能引发整个坝体移动、坍塌、失稳。

《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ2006-2005)第8.2条明确规定“坝体出现贯穿性横向裂缝，且出现较大范围管涌、流土变形，坝体出现深层滑动迹象”是判断尾矿库属于危库的工况之一。

坝体出现贯穿性横向裂缝，且出现较大范围管涌、流土变形，坝体出现深层滑动迹象的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(3) The slope ratio outside the dam is steeper than the design slope ratio.

解读：坝外坡坡比指的是尾矿坝的垂直高度与水平宽度的比值。坝外坡坡比是根据尾砂力学参数计算坝体渗流稳定和抗滑稳定获得的，由设计确定。坝外坡坡比一旦变小，坝体渗流和抗滑稳定就会降低，可能导致渗流破坏而溃坝。

《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ2006-2005)第6.3.2条规定：“尾矿坝堆积坡比不得陡于设计规定”。

坝外坡坡比陡于设计坡比，即为重大生产安全事故隐患

(四)坝体超过设计坝高，或者超设计库容储存尾矿。

解读：尾矿库坝体超过设计坝高或超设计库容储存尾矿极易造成尾矿坝失稳，从而导致溃坝事故。

《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(国家安全监管总局令第38号)第二十七条和第二十八条规定：“(1)尾矿库运行到设计最终标高或者不再进行排尾作业的，应当在一年内完成闭库。特殊情况不能按期完成闭库的，应当报经相应的安全生产监督管理部门同意后方可延期，但延长期限不得超过6个月。(2)尾矿库运行到设计最终标高的前12个月内，生产经营单位应当进行闭库前的安全现状评价和闭库设计，闭库设计应当包括安全设施设计，并编制安全专篇”。

若需要加高扩容，属于扩建建设项目，按照《建设项目安全设施"三同时"监督管理办法》(国家安全监管总局令第36号)第七条、第十条、第十二条、第十四条和第二十三条规定：建设项目在进行可行性研究时，生产经营单位应当按照国家规定，进行安全预评价;在建设项目初步设计时，应当委托有相应资质的初步设计单位对建设项目安全设施同时进行设计，编制安全设施设计;安全设施设计应按照规定报经安全生产监督管理部门审查同意，未经审查同意的，不得开工建设;建设项目竣工投入生产或者使用前，生产经营单位应当组织对安全设施进行竣工验收，并形成书面报告备查。

坝体超过设计坝高的，或者超设计库容储存尾矿的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(5) The rate of rise of the tailings accumulation dam is greater than the rate of design accumulation.

解读：坝体上升速度过快，堆积坝体内的水无法排出，造成坝体无法充分固结，渗流破坏的概率增大，降低了坝体稳定性，严重的导致溃坝。

尾矿堆积坝上升速率大于设计堆积上升速率的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(六)未按法规、国家标准或者行业标准对坝体稳定性进行评估。

解读：《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(国家安全监管总局令第38号)第十九条规定：“(1)尾矿库应当每三年至少进行一次安全现状评价。安全现状评价应当符合国家标准或者行业标准的要求。尾矿库安全现状评价工作应当有能够进行尾矿坝稳定性验算、尾矿库水文计算、构筑物计算的专业技术人员参加。(2)上游式尾矿坝堆积至二分之一至三分之二最终设计坝高时，应当对坝体进行一次全面勘察，并进行稳定性专项评价”。

《尾矿设施设计规范》(GB50863-2013)第4.4.1条规定：“三等及三等以下的尾矿库在尾矿坝堆置1/2~2/3最终设计总坝高，一等及二等尾矿库在尾矿坝堆至1/3~1/2最终设计总坝高时，应对坝体进行全面的工程地质和水文地质勘察;根据勘察结果，由设计单位对尾矿坝做全面论证，以验证最终坝体的稳定性和确定后期的处理措施”。

未按照上述规定，对坝体稳定性进行评估的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(7) The depth of the immersion line is less than the buried depth of the control immersion line.

解读：尾矿库的浸润线为尾矿库的生命线，浸润线的埋深与尾矿库的稳定性有着密切的关系。当浸润线埋深小于控制浸润线埋深时，尾矿库的渗流稳定性和抗滑安全系数均小于设计值，易发生渗流破坏造成坝体失稳，从而导致溃坝。

《尾矿设施设计规范》(GB50863-2013)第4.3.5条规定：“尾矿坝的渗流控制措施必须确保浸润线低于控制浸润线”。

浸润线埋深小于控制浸润线埋深，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(8) Safety super high and dry beach length are less than design regulations.

解读：设计给定的安全超高和干滩长度，是为确保坝体稳定和尾矿库安全，经调洪演算后确定的，当尾矿库的安全超高和干滩长度小于设计时，可能造成渗流破坏导致溃坝，也有可能导致子坝直接挡水、引发洪水漫顶而溃坝。

《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ2006-2005)第8.2条明确规定“尾矿库调洪库容严重不足，在设计洪水位时，安全超高和最小干滩长度都不满足设计要求，将可能出现洪水漫顶”是判断尾矿库属于危库的工况之一。

安全超高和干滩长度小于设计规定的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(九)排洪系统构筑物严重堵塞或者坍塌，导致排水能力急剧下降。

解读：排洪系统通常由进水构筑物和输水构筑物两部分组成。进水构筑物主要有排水井、排水斜槽等;输水构筑物主要有排水管、隧洞、排水斜槽等。排洪系统构筑物严重堵塞、坍塌包括进水构筑物和输水构筑物两个方面。

《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ2006-2005)明确“排洪系统严重堵塞或坍塌，不能排水或排水能力急剧降低”、“排水井显著倾斜，有倒塌的迹象”是判断尾矿库属于危库的工况。

排洪系统构筑物严重堵塞、坍塌，导致排水能力急剧下降，是指具有下列情形之一的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患：

1.排水井、排水斜槽等进水口严重堵塞;

2.排水井显著倾斜，有倒塌的迹象;

3.排水斜槽、排水管出现塌陷导致严重堵塞，或者基础沉陷错位致使漏沙严重;

4.隧洞出现塌方导致严重堵塞，或者断裂致使漏沙严重。

(10) The tailings, waste or waste water outside the design is put into storage.

解读：不同的尾矿物理性质不一样，设计以外的尾矿、废料和废水进库后，不但造成尾矿沉积规律发生变化，渗透系数也随之而改变，同时，易存在软弱夹层，坝体渗流稳定无法得到保障，坝体易因渗流破坏而溃坝，同时由于超量排放也可能造成堆积坝上升速率大于设计速率。

《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(国家安全监管总局令第38号)第十八条规定：对生产运行的尾矿库，未经技术论证和安全生产监督管理部门的批准，任何单位和个人不得对设计以外的尾矿、废料或者废水进库等”进行变更。

设计以外的尾矿、废料或者废水进库的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(11) When the tailings with different ore properties are mixed and discharged, they are not discharged according to the design requirements.

解读：多种矿石性质不同的尾砂混合排放时，设计会给定混合比例、不同矿石尾砂的排放方式(坝前排放、周边排放、库尾排放)、排放浓度、支管排放流量。未按设计排放，造成尾矿沉积规律发生变化，渗透系数也随之而改变，同时，易存在软弱夹层，坝体渗流稳定无法得到保障，坝体易因渗流破坏而溃坝。

种矿石性质不同的尾砂混合排放时，未按设计要求进行排放的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

(12) In the winter, the operation under the ice is not used according to the design requirements.

解读：冰下放矿作业是指将放矿管直接插入水面区冰盖以下集中放矿。本条主要是针对在我国东北、华北、西北及青藏高原等严寒地区的上游式筑坝尾矿库。冬季未在冰下放矿作业，易引起浸润线抬升或逸出、坝体突然出现融陷、尾砂强度参数迅速降低，进而导致尾矿库溃坝。

冬季未按照设计要求采用冰下放矿作业的，即为重大生产安全事故隐患。

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