The first batch of emergency coal reserves in the “State Coal Depot†identified a total of 10 large-scale coal and power companies and eight port companies including Qinhuangdao Port, Huanghua Port, Zhoushan Port, Guangzhou Port and Zhuhai Port.
At the same time, news from the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission yesterday confirmed that Beijing has already established five coal bases for construction. The site will be located in Changping, Fangshan, Miyun, Daxing and Shunyi. According to the one-year use of coal in Beijing and the time period of production in Beijing, the reserve scale is set according to the annual demand of 10%, and the total amount of five bases is about 3 million tons.
According to the person in charge of the National Energy Administration, the Measures are mainly led by the Economic Operation Regulations Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Fixed Assets Investment, and the Department of Economic Development of the Ministry of Finance. They are intended to strengthen emergency response capabilities and effectively respond to disasters by establishing national coal emergency reserves. Abrupt incidents, to ease the contradiction between supply and demand, to ensure economic operation, people's lives and social stability. At present, the "Measures" are in the process of soliciting opinions, and they will soon be introduced. Among them, the first batch of national coal emergency reserve plans for this year will complete 5 million tons, followed by the second and third batches of emergency coal reserve points. The scale will reach more than 20 million tons.
In fact, before the national-level reserve plan was announced, the coal reserves in various places had already begun. Song Zhichen, a researcher in the energy industry at China Investment Advisors, believes that in recent years, China’s emphasis on the construction of an emergency coal reserve system has continued to increase. Especially after the snowstorm in early 2008, the importance of building a coal emergency storage system has become even more prominent. Therefore, all regions are actively planning to build a coal emergency reserve base. This year, several provinces including Hubei, Jilin and Henan have successively determined to build a coal emergency reserve base to ensure the safety of coal supply. Some of the coal reserve bases are also national reserve bases, and the radiation coverage covers several provinces.
The national coal emergency reserve plan is used to respond to emergencies such as coal supply interruptions and severe shortages. At the same time, under conditions of full marketization, reserves also directly affect the market. According to Li Jinfeng, a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission’s Institute of Industrial Development, building a national coal reserve has a positive effect on the market supply and price stability under emergency price adjustments, which can improve China’s energy security protection level, and can stabilize the market and resolve regional outbursts. Conflict between supply and demand.
And Beijing’s reserve base is also aimed at stabilizing the market and resolving local supply and demand conflicts. The investment forms are mainly based on market operations, supplemented by government support. In other words, the government carries out related subsidies for infrastructure, but the overall investment depends on the market and depends on the company's operations. These bases are basically located in the outskirts and counties. The Changping Base is positioned to serve the city's coal reserve base. Miyun is in the ecological conservation area. Its district heating basically uses coal, the base will mainly serve itself, and the Shunyi base is positioned to serve the surrounding area. county.
The role of coal reserves has already appeared in the heating season in winter 2010. Song Zhichen believes that under the rumors of the "Millennium-cold" last year, the situation in the domestic coal market that began to appear "not to be slack in the off-season and the season is not tight" is precisely the most direct manifestation of this change. However, this shift still needs a gradual process. Therefore, the domestic coal market will still have obvious differences in the short-term season. As the coal consumption enterprises advance the coal reserve in the peak season, the market coal price will rise in advance. Will continue to exist.
However, Lin Boqiang, an energy expert and director of the China Energy Research Center at Xiamen University, is not optimistic about the future of this type of reserve model. He believes that the above-ground reserves of coal resources are extremely demanding for site funding and are not suitable for large-scale storage. Although there are not many reserve plans for the 5 million tons currently proposed, this figure is a drop in the bucket compared with the current annual consumption of 3 billion tons.
What worries the industry is the high cost of coal reserves. According to the existing coal emergency reserve plan, more reserves in the off-season coal consumption, ensure that the off-season of coal production and railway transport is not light; in the coal consumption season to release more, reduce coal production and railway transportation pressure in the peak season. However, in practice, coal reserves are far from simple as oil reserves and grain reserves. The larger the coal storage, the longer the turnover time and the higher the financial cost. The shelf life of coal is usually 3 months. With the passage of time, the quality of coal is also declining. The maintenance of coal reserves also faces many difficulties. Spontaneous combustion occurs in coal storage, which requires watering and cooling, which increases labor costs.
Lin Boqiang believes that as the strategic resources of coal reserves should be based on underground reserves, and emergency reserves should be as the main consumer of thermal power plants as the main body, if these plants are active reserves, the total must be greater than the planned figure. However, the reality is that because coal prices have remained stubbornly high in recent years, coal-fired power plants, which are the main consumers of coal, are not willing to store more coal.
According to sources, the funds required for the construction of a new storage site for reconstruction or expansion can be arranged for investment subsidies from the investment within the central budget. The plan will give interest subsidies for coal emergency reserve loans, and give fixed subsidies for site occupancy fees and storage fees. However, the relevant person in charge of the Economic Development Department of the National Development and Reform Commission recently accepted an interview with the media: “The specific subsidy method has not yet been determined.â€
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