Business News Agency September 27th Shanxi Coal Mining Co., Ltd. launched a large-scale merger and reorganization, the number of coal enterprises was reduced to 100, "coal bosses" exit history stage is a foregone conclusion, Shanxi coal reform triggered a hot debate in the industry, "Today Watch" is commenting .
Host (Chen Weihong): Here is the "Observation Today" that is being broadcast. Welcome everyone to watch. Today we have to pay attention to the ongoing merger and reorganization of coal mines in Shanxi Province. According to the Shanxi Coal Mine Reform Plan, by the end of next year, the number of mines in the province will be reduced by more than half, from the current more than 2,600 to about 1,000, while the number of coal mining companies will be from the current more than 2,200 , compressed to about 100 homes. Does the large-scale merger and reorganization of coal mines mean that once coalescent “coal bosses†will completely withdraw from this market? Coal has always been a pillar industry in Shanxi. Why did Shanxi want to promote this vigorous reform of the coal industry with such a great determination? Today we will begin to comment on this matter.
Today, our commentators are Ma Guangyuan and Liu Ge. At the same time, you can also visit CCTV, Sina.com, Sohu.com, and Tencent's today's topics to express your opinions. We will pay attention to your comments during the later programs.
First of all, let's take a look at the changes in the coal mining industry that are being staged in Shanxi.
Will Shanxi's "coal bosses" withdraw from the stage of history? When Shanxi Province initiated the reorganization of the largest enterprise in China for small and medium-sized coal mines, many media outlets issued such questions. As the price of this reform, Shanxi has won the title of the nation's largest coal-producing province for many years and has been robbed by Inner Mongolia. gone. In the first half of this year, Shanxi's GDP fell by 4.4% year-on-year, and it is experiencing a painful transition.
One of the main reasons why Shanxi Province has promoted this enterprise restructuring action that has alerted the country is that there are many local small and medium-sized coal companies, frequent security incidents, low resource extraction rates, and polluting the environment have seriously plagued Shanxi's economic development.
The target proposed by Shanxi Province is that the coal mines will be directly compressed from the current 2,600 to 1,000, and the number of coal companies will be changed from the current 2,200 to about 100. The means for realizing this large-scale downsizing is that Coal production enterprises and local backbone coal mining enterprises with a certain scale have been approved by the provincial government to start the merger of small and medium-sized coal mines, and small and medium-sized coal mines can also be voluntarily combined. However, after the reorganization, the size of the company shall not be less than 3 million tons. .
Wang Shouqi (Department of Shanxi Provincial Coal Industry Department): Regardless of whether it is a state-owned coal mine or a collectively-run private coal mine, as long as it is a legally-certified enterprise and a merger and reorganization entity, it will follow the relevant regulations of the state and the provincial government on their assets. And resources, give compensation.
For the compensation measures, Shanxi Province also gave the answer. The coal mines that were merged and reorganized, and those who have paid the resource price to the country after February 28, 2006, can receive economic compensation at 50% of the original price.
Prior to February 28, 2006, if the country had already paid for the resource price, it would receive 100% of the economic compensation at the same time as the refund of the remaining resource amount.
In addition to direct economic compensation, the coal companies that have been merged can also use the resource capitalization method to discount shares in newly formed companies. Arrangements for reorganized personnel will adopt an appraisal induction system. All qualified staff members are qualified. You can continue to work in a merged company.
Moderator: We have seen a large number of coal mines in Shanxi undergoing such a reform process, including the suspension of production, reorganization, mergers, reorganizations, etc.. Then in Shanxi, what kind of reform was actually performed in Shanxi? Does this kind of reform really mean that what we usually refer to as "coal bosses" will come out of the stage of history? Let us listen to your views.
Liu Ge: According to this kind of attitude shown by the Shanxi provincial government, this determination should say that the last word of "coal boss" will become history because we see this time it is indeed different from the past because Shanxi Over the past few years, it has been a reorganization of the industry based on the determination of a strong man to break his wrist. But this time, we find that, compared with the past, one is more powerful and the other is more costly. The speed is faster.
Moderator: That is to say it may even be a broken wrist, or even a broken arm.
Liu Ge: Yes, and now you see that from 2008 and the first half of 2009, the only province in Shanxi Province where the country's GDP fell only fell by 4.4%, fiscal revenue dropped by 7.6%, and because it was because of a financial crisis. The impact of the other is the provincial decision, that is, the timing of the financial crisis, the timing of the financial crisis, we have made such an adjustment, so a lot of this, because of the restructuring, a lot of these coal mines, it is not open now, no After it was opened, a lot of fiscal revenue was gone, and many jobs were affected by this. If this is true, the price is still very painful. Therefore, on August 31, it is necessary to put those demands on the restructuring. Your company must sign out your agreement. Because of this, if you drag on it like this, I am afraid that the impact on such an economic growth in the province will be too great and it may be difficult to bear.
Moderator: In your eyes, this will be a price, a very big reform.
Liu Ge: Yes.
Moderator: So from the perspective of strength, etc., what kind of features does this kind of reform deserve to pay attention to?
Ma Guangyuan: We have seen this reform. One of the main purposes of the Shanxi provincial government is to make a big coal economy and bid farewell to the original self-employed coal economy.
Moderator: Yes.
Ma Guangyuan: From the perspective of the institutional design disclosed by the current Shanxi Provincial Government, I feel that basically there is no institutional space for the "coal bosses" to survive. For example, if you first destroy the quantity, then the mine will have more than two thousand. To more than a thousand wells, less than half of them, then the number of coal companies has changed from more than 2,000 to more than 100, and this effort is unprecedented. The second one is eliminated from production capacity, then the annual production capacity of coal companies is set at 3 million tons or more, so the production capacity of each mine is set at more than 900,000 tons, which is several times higher than the standard of some coal provinces in the country. Then the third time will be eliminated. From this strength, of course, it will be very large and unprecedented. However, if there is a hard time requirement from the timing, then it must be completed in September, so a very short one. Within a certain period of time, if it is to be completed, for the “coal bossâ€, he will carry out this maneuver and some of the back-ends that he has dealt with have basically been blocked.
Moderator: This space is basically not big.
Ma Guangyuan: Yes, then, in the fourth case, we see that the main bodies that are basically established are state-owned enterprises, large enterprises, and some large-scale group coal companies. In that case, they actually say that they are bigger and stronger. At the same time as the coal economy, then it means that "coal bosses" as a by-product may possibly withdraw from the historical stage gradually after this reform.
Moderator: Yes, I think the public is also paying special attention to the reform drama that is being staged in Shanxi. Then let's take a look at netizens’ latest concerns about this issue.
First of all, we saw the first netizen whose signature was called “Snow Heavenâ€. He said, “You know that most people in Shanxi now want to integrate resources. We would rather return to coal when it was not sold in the 1990s! It is absolutely the most correct thing that Shanxi has done in recent decades! We also hope that the sky is blue! The water is clear!"
Let's look at a netizen named Jiang Wuji. His point of view is: “The reform of coal enterprises and the reversion to nationalization†cannot be avoided. The question is why the marketization of coal companies was so chaotic. Why do private coal mines always have a gloomy face? Their sightlessness, disregard for life, and short-sightedness are inherent fates?"
The "coal bosses" that our netizens have repeatedly mentioned, in fact, for quite a long period of time, was a synonym for overnight richness among many people. In this reform, we saw many reforms. The measures are also directed against this group. Then what is the real situation of the "coal bosses" we often refer to in real life? Let's take a look together.
With painstaking experience, Shanxi ended the small coal mine economy. This is an evaluation of the integration of coal resources in Shanxi by the industry.
There are thousands of small coal mines in Shanxi. In the past few years, small coal mines have been integrating, with 90,000 tons, 150,000 tons, and 300,000 tons. The threshold has been continuously improved, but the province's coal industry has many, small, scattered and low extensive models. Not completely changed. There are still 2,600 various types of coal mines in the province, of which small coal mines with a capacity of 300,000 tons and below account for nearly 70%, and the province’s coal mining mechanization degree is less than 30%.
As the "Economic Information Daily" survey, small coal mines have become a pain in Shanxi.
The first is the high cost of resources and ecological environment, and the recovery rate of a large number of small and medium-sized coal mines is only about 20%. This means that every ton of coal to be mined, 4 tons of resources are to be destroyed and wasted, and the annual output of small and medium-sized coal mines is 350 million tons of coal. About 1.4 billion tons of valuable coal resources are destroyed and wasted. The area of ​​coal mining in the province is more than 5,000 square kilometers, and the area of ​​newly added subsidence is nearly 100 square kilometers. It is conservatively estimated that in the past 30 years, the province has extensively used coal for coal mining. The loss caused by the ecological environment is close to 400 billion yuan.
Second, the loss of taxes and fees is serious and the distribution of income is very different. According to estimates from the coal and taxation departments, due to the existence of a large number of small coal mines and illegal black holes, Shanxi has escaped the supervision of black coal in the past two years in the past two years, which has led to the province’s Every year, taxes and fees are lost more than 10 billion yuan.
Thirdly, due to frequent mine accidents, the leading industries have almost become a deadly industry. The gap in safety production levels among large, medium, and small coal mines in Shanxi is very obvious. The death rate per million tons of local state-owned coal mines is 3.8 times that of state-owned key coal mines. The death rate per million tons is as high as 11.3 times that of state-owned key coal mines. A small coal mine producing one ton of coal must pay ten times the life cost of a large mine.
Moderator: In fact, all of us can see that in the previous reforms of the coal industry, these large and small “coal bosses†have always been the object of our rectification, but although we have very severe rectification measures, but in this In the coal industry, many chaos are repeated. What is this?
Liu Ge: Because in such a special industry of coal, it is easy to create such a kind of profit community between local officials and coal mine owners. As an example, we took the famous mine disaster in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, on December 5, 2007. 105 miners finally lost their lives because of a gas explosion. Then the mine has 5 well-adapted photos, 6 photos, and 6 certificates. .
Ma Guangyuan: 6 certificates.
Liu Ge: They need 6 certificates for mining, and then the last Secretary of the State Administration of Work Safety, Li Yizhong, said that he has 6 certificates, which is simply five drugs.
Moderator: Right.
Liu Ge: That is to say, he has all six certificates, but those cards, in fact, you went to check him out with the agencies that issued the six certificates. Actually, what happened to us in the end, and those cards should not be sent to him. Before and after this, the Lintong region to which Hongdong County belongs was arrested by a large number of people and the director of a police station. Then, in the end, when he was arrested, there were more than 100 million yuan in funds. Therefore, to the present, I must take it as a kind of very, one-size-fits-all-and-extreme measure like this.
Ma Guangyuan: We know that Shanxi has two business cards. A black name card is environmental pollution. Then we have seen in the national environmental rankings for many years that the most polluted cities, ranking among the top three, are generally Shanxi cities. Then the second is the red business card, which is the price of life. So at this price, we see this. In fact, from an international point of view, we are a big producer of coal, but the safety of coal production ranks very high internationally. Behind.
Moderator: When we saw the curtain of this reform has been vigorously opened, in fact, our thinking did not stop, I was thinking, for the coal industry in China, simply let the "coal bosses" If we exit the historical stage, can we really be able to achieve it? In this coal industry, can we really bring a better coal market? Immediately continue our review.
High ecological cost of resources, loss of taxes and fees, frequent mining accidents, the end of Shanxi's small coal mines, the trend of the times, and the promotion of reforms, Shanxi coal will go from here? "Observation Today" is commenting.
Moderator: Welcome back to the show site. Today’s “Observation Today†and everyone’s concern is the reform of the coal industry in Shanxi. Let’s take a look at some of the views expressed by netizens through comics. Let’s first look at the first. One of the commonplace characters on the stage of Chinese coal mines is "coal bosses." The left and right hands each hold a lot of money. I also noticed that he was also quite big in the stomach. He ate so much that you came to see what kind of point of view the netizen reflects.
Ma Guangyuan: This we saw someone beside this shouting, "Coal boss" to jump down, to exit the stage of history.
Moderator: You're almost jumping, it's time to go.
Ma Guangyuan: Right, but we may see this phenomenon for many years. If we just rely on the words, the “coal boss†will certainly not take the initiative to retreat. Therefore, it must be passed through such reforms as Shanxi is currently undergoing. Some mandatory measures allow him to automatically withdraw. If not, he may still continue to shout.
Moderator: Next, continue to take a look at the relevant comments published by the media.
Shanxi coal companies restructured into overtaking lanes and "coal bosses" may become history. For large-scale restructuring of coal enterprises in Shanxi, the media have commented.
"China Union Business Daily" published "Shanxi 'coal economy' transformation of China's major mining era is approaching." The article said that once the coal industry is transformed and the target is achieved, it can produce 100 years of coal resources in the past, because the resource recovery rate can be extended to 200 years.
The "Economic Information Daily" published "Tingding Shanxi to end the 'small coal mine economy'". According to the article, Shanxi produces 560 million tons of coal a year. Each year, coal sales account for three-quarters of the country's inter-provincial net coal export volume. Is it still impossible to grasp market discourse? The reason is that the industrial concentration is low, the production and sales decisions are too scattered, the more coal becomes more productive, the more money is made less, the market is getting narrower, and the discourse power is getting smaller and smaller. It is the general trend to end small coal mines.
Moderator: In the past, everyone would see that in the coal mining industry, there are often resources to be wasted, and mine disasters are frequently exposed to such phenomena. When these phenomena occur, the “coal bosses†of these small coal mines have naturally become criticized by everyone. Object, then this time in the reform of the coal industry in Shanxi, we can see whether this kind of approach to national resignation and resignation can really solve our existing difficulties, for example, it can better protect the resources of coal mines. In order to better solve some of the hidden dangers of these coal mines in the past, is it possible to do this?
Liu Ge: Theoretically speaking, the scale is large. It can have more money to invest in safety, or, if it is, change its technical conditions, etc. But we now look at the seven major cities of Shanxi Province. The state-owned local state-owned coal mines need to integrate more than 2,000 small coal mines. This difficulty is too great for a short period of time. You want to get an average company to integrate hundreds of companies.
Moderator: Right.
Liu Ge: Where did your mine director come from, where did your technician come from and where did your safety officer come from? Therefore, I think that under such a speed situation, can we not guarantee that there will be no mine disaster in the future? Therefore, if this is the case, we still have to use question marks. I do not think it is certain that you have reorganized and become bigger and naturally become better.
Moderator: Yes.
Liu Ge: This is two yards of things.
Moderator: Right.
Liu Ge: There is still a lot of work to be done, and this time, it looks like a closed-door approach to reorganization. If this is not the case, he must be the most efficient. I think it is still possible. Take a look.
Ma Guangyuan: I think the waste of coal resources for so many years, including the low level of safety, is not just caused by the “coal bossâ€. This we should have a clear understanding. We have seen this. This time, Shanxi increased the utilization of coal resources by subtraction to raise this standard of safe production. Then I think this approach itself is certainly worthy of recognition.
Moderator: The direction is correct.
Ma Guangyuan: It is right to raise the degree of concentration, but this is not possible to cause a qualitative leap merely through changes in the quantity. If it can be said that this increase in production safety can be achieved only through a reduction in quantity, this matter will be a bit Too naive, it may be a bit too childish, so I think that at the same time we are bigger and stronger, especially when the state is dominated by the state, I see some of the concerns raised by this netizen. . Therefore, while expanding and strengthening enterprises, it is also necessary to increase the level of production safety, the compliance of the system, and the improvement of production technology. Then there should be some strengthening and compulsory standards. If we advance, then this kind of leap itself, from quality to quantity, may be what everyone expects.
Moderator: Yes, when we have a good start, actually more details are still worth our attention. Let’s take a look at netizens’ latest concern on this issue. The netizen named “Spring†said that “policy should be continuous and stable, integration and reorganization should be practical, the mining process should be adapted to local conditions, and the reorganization of small coal mines must be improved. The threshold for entry is to increase supervision."
Well, if we can really make our reforms come true, we have also interviewed some special commentators and immediately listened to their opinions.
Zhou Dadi (Researcher of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission): The facts show that in the Shanxi Province, it is very difficult for them to transform themselves into a modern coal mine. I feel that Shanxi Province is still very timely in doing this. Although China's coal mines have large production volumes, they have a low level of modernization and too much dispersion. On the other hand, management is also relatively confusing, especially in Shanxi, where thousands of mine management levels are also excessive. This has also led to cross-border exploitation and overlapping of well fields. It cannot truly utilize resources and economy, and cannot modernize large mines. Therefore, it is Under such circumstances, our country’s coal mine construction will take a safe, modern, and efficient way.
Xu Xiaonian (Professor of China Europe International Business School): The method of marketization is not a failure to ensure safe production. Where is the problem of safety? It is because of the unfavorable government supervision. The problem of unfavorable government supervision is because the interests of the government and the coal mines are mixed together.
Moderator: The reform of the coal industry in Shanxi, which has attracted so much attention from all walks of life, is it really possible, like what our special commentator said, that after the reform, there are some efficient, modern, and safe coal mines. After the advertisement, we continue to Follow together.
Moderator: Welcome everyone in today's program, continue to follow our attention to the reform of the coal industry in Shanxi. Perhaps after this round of reforms, the group of “coal bosses†we often refer to really needs to step out of the stage of history. However, we are concerned about how many problems need to be dealt with face to face when they leave.
Liu Ge: Actually, the title of "coal boss" has now become, indeed, an image of an era. Then a group of people's symbols, we think of "coal bosses", that is, buy Hummer and buy two cars. Buy a house and buy it. A unit.
Moderator: Yes.
Liu Ge: Indeed, such an image of him has already become such a kind of code that is indestructible. However, we should also see that he is indeed a kind. What is it to say? It is a special type. A freak in the historical context, then why did they eventually become such a one, disregarding people, ignoring the lives and lives of workers, and then disregarding the frequent occurrence of mine disasters? Then, it is such a kind of such a predator. This kind of image, I think, has something to do with our previous concept of development. That is to say, at the expense of nature, at the expense of human life and even people, at the cost of this, and the last words to get the speed of development, then such a background is not Removed, then "coal boss" he still will not be far away from us.
Moderator: Yes, when the "coal boss" left, what other problems need us to face?
Ma Guangyuan: We see that the “coal boss†itself is speaking from the perspective of institutional design. It is a mistake in itself. No country, like us, sells a large part of coal resources to individuals and allows individuals to mine, so this time In terms of the direction of reform, I think it is very correct, but whether such a reform is dictated by state-owned companies and even the government is done by Shanxi's enterprises, I think it is debatable, so the next step I think is that This transformation of the coal economy in Shanxi is even the case for the transformation of the national coal economy...
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