In the alpine and hilly areas above the erosion datum, when there is a considerable amount of industrial reserves, it can be exploited. Generally speaking, as long as the terrain permits, it is more reasonable to use the flat, to develop all, most or part of the deposit.
According to the relative position of the main flat and the deposit, the main flat position can be divided into two types: along the vein and through the vein. Along the pulse, it can be extrapulmonary. It can also be in the pulse, but it is mostly in the pulse. The penetrating ridge can be vertical and can also have a certain angle of intersection with the strike; it can be the lower plate or the upper plate, or it can be biased toward the wing of the ore body. Subject to terrain, industrial site, external transportation and mining technical conditions, there are possibilities, but as long as the conditions allow the following discs to develop.
According to different mining systems, Pingyi development can be divided into stage level and main level.
    The stage is developed in a flat manner, and the ore can be directly transported to the plant or user through the stages of calling the mine car, the car, the ground rail ramp and the simple ropeway. This development method can not cut the auxiliary shaft and the slip well, so it has the advantages of small amount of infrastructure construction, low investment and fast production. However, the pits are scattered, the transportation distance is long and the links are many, the operating expenses are high, and the output is small, so it is mostly used for small mines.
    The main flat is developed, and the ore at each stage above the main level can be lowered to the level of the main level by the downhole. The main flat is transported to the surface by the electric car, belt conveyor or car. Personnel, equipment, materials are sent to the work surface with auxiliary shafts, elevator shafts, inclined shafts or trackless ramps. There are also flats on the ground with rail ramps or car links.
    When the ore and surrounding rock are stable, the ore is mostly placed through the well to the main flat. When the ore and surrounding rock are not stable, the position of the well can be selected through engineering drilling at several different locations; after the stages are opened, after engineering geological survey, then the rock or ore is well stabilized. Excavation and drainage wells; if it is difficult to find more stable rocks and ore in the mining area, the chute can be reinforced.
    In small mines, especially small mines with large height differences, it is feasible to use ore, inclined shafts or surface slopes to lower ore due to large amount of wells and high investment, but the operating costs are high. When the ore is agglomerated, self-igniting, or has a certain quality requirement for the ore block, or the ore and surrounding rock are extremely unstable, it is not appropriate to use the shaft or the inclined shaft to lower the ore. When there is a condition for non-track transportation, it can also be transported by car on a ramp.
    Waste rock is discarded, and it can be disposed along the slope contours through the flat exits of each stage under the conditions of topography and environmental protection. Otherwise, the secondary well can be used to refer to the surface or the upper stage and then abandon it. If the main flat is outside, the valley with sufficient volume on the surface can discard the waste rock, or it can be discharged into the valley through the special waste rock through the main flat.
    Compared with other pioneering methods, Pingyi has the following advantages:
    ( 1 ) The ore is discharged by the self-weight of the shaft, and the mine water is discharged to the surface through the main level or stage, saving energy and low production cost;
    ( 2 ) The mining system is simple, with large equipment and low investment;
    ( 3 ) Construction methods and construction equipment are simple;
    ( 4 ) The production is safe and reliable, and the potential capacity is large. When the expansion and expansion is small, the investment is quick and effective;
    ( 5 ) In addition to Changping, in general, the construction speed is fast and the construction time is short. In particular, when the stage is developed, there are many working faces at the same time, and even more so. As SHOUWANGFEN copper mine, Yimen Bureau of Mines and the Lion Fengshan Copper, copper and other Hujiayu are put into operation in a shorter period.
    The Pingyi development method has been widely used in mountainous areas of China and has achieved good results.
According to the relative position of the main flat and the deposit, the main flat position can be divided into two types: along the vein and through the vein. Along the pulse, it can be extrapulmonary. It can also be in the pulse, but it is mostly in the pulse. The penetrating ridge can be vertical and can also have a certain angle of intersection with the strike; it can be the lower plate or the upper plate, or it can be biased toward the wing of the ore body. Subject to terrain, industrial site, external transportation and mining technical conditions, there are possibilities, but as long as the conditions allow the following discs to develop.
According to different mining systems, Pingyi development can be divided into stage level and main level.
    The stage is developed in a flat manner, and the ore can be directly transported to the plant or user through the stages of calling the mine car, the car, the ground rail ramp and the simple ropeway. This development method can not cut the auxiliary shaft and the slip well, so it has the advantages of small amount of infrastructure construction, low investment and fast production. However, the pits are scattered, the transportation distance is long and the links are many, the operating expenses are high, and the output is small, so it is mostly used for small mines.
    The main flat is developed, and the ore at each stage above the main level can be lowered to the level of the main level by the downhole. The main flat is transported to the surface by the electric car, belt conveyor or car. Personnel, equipment, materials are sent to the work surface with auxiliary shafts, elevator shafts, inclined shafts or trackless ramps. There are also flats on the ground with rail ramps or car links.
    When the ore and surrounding rock are stable, the ore is mostly placed through the well to the main flat. When the ore and surrounding rock are not stable, the position of the well can be selected through engineering drilling at several different locations; after the stages are opened, after engineering geological survey, then the rock or ore is well stabilized. Excavation and drainage wells; if it is difficult to find more stable rocks and ore in the mining area, the chute can be reinforced.
    In small mines, especially small mines with large height differences, it is feasible to use ore, inclined shafts or surface slopes to lower ore due to large amount of wells and high investment, but the operating costs are high. When the ore is agglomerated, self-igniting, or has a certain quality requirement for the ore block, or the ore and surrounding rock are extremely unstable, it is not appropriate to use the shaft or the inclined shaft to lower the ore. When there is a condition for non-track transportation, it can also be transported by car on a ramp.
    Waste rock is discarded, and it can be disposed along the slope contours through the flat exits of each stage under the conditions of topography and environmental protection. Otherwise, the secondary well can be used to refer to the surface or the upper stage and then abandon it. If the main flat is outside, the valley with sufficient volume on the surface can discard the waste rock, or it can be discharged into the valley through the special waste rock through the main flat.
    Compared with other pioneering methods, Pingyi has the following advantages:
    ( 1 ) The ore is discharged by the self-weight of the shaft, and the mine water is discharged to the surface through the main level or stage, saving energy and low production cost;
    ( 2 ) The mining system is simple, with large equipment and low investment;
    ( 3 ) Construction methods and construction equipment are simple;
    ( 4 ) The production is safe and reliable, and the potential capacity is large. When the expansion and expansion is small, the investment is quick and effective;
    ( 5 ) In addition to Changping, in general, the construction speed is fast and the construction time is short. In particular, when the stage is developed, there are many working faces at the same time, and even more so. As SHOUWANGFEN copper mine, Yimen Bureau of Mines and the Lion Fengshan Copper, copper and other Hujiayu are put into operation in a shorter period.
    The Pingyi development method has been widely used in mountainous areas of China and has achieved good results.
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