In the re-election plant, the shaker is the most widely used and efficient sorting equipment for sorting fine ore. Shaker beneficiation can not only be used as an independent beneficiation method, but it is often combined with jigging, flotation, magnetic separation and mineral processing equipment such as centrifugal concentrators, spiral concentrators and belt chutes. Shaker been widely used in sorting tungsten, tin, niobium, tantalum, and other rare metals and precious metal ores, in addition, when sorting iron, manganese ore is also widely used. Before the flotation method appeared, it was also used for the selection of non-ferrous metal ore. During the re-election of tungsten, it is estimated that about 30%-80% of the concentrate is obtained by shaker sorting.
The particle size of the shaker is generally 2-0.037 mm when selecting tungsten and tin, but the lower limit of the particle size of the mud shaker can be 0.0119 mm. In production practice, because the shaker is used in conjunction with other equipment, it is often used to recover fine minerals above 37 microns.
The main advantages of shaker beneficiation are: 1 The enrichment ratio of beneficiation is very high, up to 300 times; 2, after one sorting, the final concentrate and abandoned tailings can be obtained; 3 sometimes multiple products can be obtained at the same time as needed. 4 minerals on the bed surface is obvious, so it is convenient to observe, adjust and pick up.
The main disadvantage of shaker beneficiation is the low processing capacity per unit area and the large area occupied by the plant. 5å¨/å°æ—¶å·¦å³ã€‚ The maximum capacity of the coarse sand, the surface of the bed is not more than 5 tons / hour;
There are many methods for classifying shakers, and there is currently no uniform classification method. According to the particle size of the treated material, it is divided into: 1 coarse sand shaker, the treatment particle size is 2.--0. 2 mm; 2 fine sand shaker, the treatment granularity is 0.2-0.074 mm; 3 the slime shaker, the treatment granularity is 0.074 Millimeter. According to the head of the bed, there are a cam lever shaker, an eccentric link shaker and a spring shaker. Process can be divided according to the different minerals and mineral selected from coal by shaking with a shaker. According to the structure of the shaker, there are separate layers, multiple layers; landing and hanging points. According to the force field, it can be divided into a gravity shaker and a centrifugal shaker.
The structure of the shaker is mainly composed of three parts: the head (transmission mechanism), the bed surface and the frame.
The shaker shown in Figures 3-11 is an approximately rectangular wide bed. The bed surface is slightly inclined to the side of the tailings, and the bed is nailed with a bed 12 or grooved. The washing water given to the water supply tank 5 flows in a thin layer in an oblique direction. The bed surface is reciprocally asymmetrically moved by the transmission mechanism 8 of the transmission end. The number of times the bed surface moves back and forth every minute is called the punch. The distance between the advancement and retreat of the bed surface is called the stroke. When the slurry is given to the ore tank 6, under the action of water flow and shaking, the ore particles of different densities are fan-shaped on the bed surface.
There are many factors affecting the work of the shaker, including stroke, stroke, ore concentration, ore supply, water supply to the ore body, lateral slope of the bed, and the nature of the ore.
(1) Stroke and stroke strokes and strokes mainly affect the loose, stratified and selective transport of the ore particles on the bed. Stroke and punch are two important factors that are related to each other. When selecting fine materials, it is advisable to use small strokes and high strokes. When selecting coarse materials, the opposite is true. For coarse-grained materials (2.0 to 0.074 mm), the stroke can be adjusted between 15 and 27 mm, and the stroke can be adjusted between 250 and 280 times per minute. For slime, the stroke is 11-13 mm and the stroke is 350-360 beats/min. However, the most suitable stroke strokes are generally determined experimentally and are generally not adjusted during operation.
(2) Both the flushing water and the lateral slope of the bed surface mainly affect the lateral movement speed of the ore particles and the looseness of the foam layer. Increasing the slope can increase the speed of the water flow. Generally, when the fine material is treated, the slope should be smaller. When the coarse material is treated, the slope should be larger. The slope can be adjusted from 0° to 10°. 5度的å°äºŽå°äºŽ0. 1。 For the different materials, the following values ​​can be used as a reference: less than 2 mm of the coarse-grained grades of 3. 5 ° ~ 4 °; less than 0. 5 mm of the material with 2. 5 ° ~ 3. 5 °; less than 0. 1 The fine material of millimeters is 2°~2.5°; for the slime (0.074 mm), about 20 is used. It should be noted that the choice of slope is well matched to the amount of water. The water flow in the area is evenly distributed, and the waves are not formed. The ore is not piled up. The selected zones are distinct, the bandwidth is thin, and the width of the bed-free zone is suitable.
The flushing water of the shaker consists of two parts: one part is the ore water fed along with the ore; the other part is the washing water directly fed to the bed. The lateral flow should be properly adjusted. On the one hand, the bed should be loose enough and the uppermost layer of light minerals can be washed away by the water. For this purpose, the water layer on the bed must cover the bed. On the other hand, however, it must be ensured that the densely colored ore particles can settle on the bed surface, so the lateral water velocity and the amount of water should not be too large.
The amount of flushing water is related to the lateral slope of the bed surface. Within a certain range, “large slope small water†and “small slope large water†can obtain similar sorting effects. When the slope is increased, the amount of flushing water can be reduced, but reducing the amount of flushing water and increasing the slope will narrow the mineral bands of different densities. When the quality of heavy minerals is required to be high, it is generally preferred to use a smaller slope to increase the flushing water. Flushing water and bed slope are factors that are often adjusted during operation. When the two are properly adjusted, there will be a uniform distribution of water flow in the stratified area on the bed surface, no wave, no heap of ore, and distinct zones. The bandwidth is thin and the width of the bed no-mine area is suitable.
(3) The ore concentration, the ore amount and the amount of dry ore delivered to the shaker to the ore body and the ore concentration determine the volume of the slurry. The ore concentration and the ore volume have a great influence on the selection of the shaker. The concentration of the ore is too large, the slurry is turned over, the fluidity is deteriorated, and many heavy minerals cannot be stratified; if the concentration is too thin, In addition to reducing the productivity of the shaker, the fine concentrate is also lost to the tailings. The appropriate slurry concentration should ensure sufficient fluidity of the slurry and stratified zoning of the ore particles on the bed. The normal ore concentration of the shaker is generally 15% to 30%.
The ore volume is also an important factor in the operation of the shaker. If the amount of ore is constant, the concentration of the ore is too low and the volume of the slurry is increased, which will result in a decrease in the recovery rate of the ore. If the amount of ore is given, the concentration of the ore is too large, which will also cause the recovery rate of the ore to decrease.
The amount of ore given depends on the size of the ore being processed.
(4) The density, grain size and shape of the ore-bearing minerals in the ore-bearing shaker have a great influence on the sorting index. When the density difference between heavy minerals and light minerals is greater than 1.5, it can be smoothly sorted on a shaker. Similar spherical granules and coarse particles are easily washed away by water. In the selection of the shaker, the material is generally classified, that is, hydraulic classification. Among the products obtained by hydraulic classification, the average particle size of the heavy mineral is much smaller than that of the light mineral, which is favorable for separation and stratification, and improves the separation. effect.
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